EFSA assesses the scientific basis of nutrition and health claims submitted for authorisation in the EU. Work in the area of nutrition related to applications also includes the evaluation of novel foods, infant formulae and food allergens. The European Commission and Member States then decide whether to grant authorisation.

In the case of health claims applications are submitted to the national competent authority of a Member State. This includes applications for authorisation of a new health claim or for the modification of an existing authorisation. An applicant who intends to place on the EU market a novel food submits an application to the European Commission. The European Commission (EC) receives applications also for infant formulae and food allergens.

The competent authority or the EC pass on the application and any supplementary information to EFSA, which carries out the scientific evaluation.